A bearing is a tool used to reduce the friction that occurs in machines. Friction is a kind of force which opposes the movement of a surface in sliding or rolling motion over another surface with which it is in contact. Bearings bear the frictional force which is set up by the moving surface of a machine part.

Bearings are categorized according to how they operate and the motions that they allow. The two common motions are linear and rotary. Bearings which allow linear motions are called linear bearings. These bearings allow motion in a straight line. An example of linear motion is the pulling and pushing of a drawer. Rotary motions, on the other hand, involve one direction rotation and oscillation, wherein the motion goes only through a part of a cycle, such as in the case of a wheel. Rotary bearings, therefore, allow motions which are concentrated on a center, like a wheel on a shaft.

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